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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area needs growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to assist in the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or reputable people. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some reliability as a religion in lots of nations, Scientology has also been described as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Game individuals it views as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental shift team soliciting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in helpful resources its published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who attempt to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity devoted by these offenders is of a breadth and scope check that previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No individual or company was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive techniques in dealing with those it sees as attempting to reduce them, known as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same time check here as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.